The McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 series aircraft represent a family of twin-engine, short-to-medium range, narrow-body jetliners, all derivatives of the highly successful Douglas DC-9. They are characterized by their rear-mounted engines and T-tail configuration.
MD-80 Series:
The MD-80 series was an evolution of the DC-9, featuring a stretched fuselage, more powerful and fuel-efficient Pratt & Whitney JT8D turbofan engines, and updated avionics. Key characteristics include:
- Rear-Mounted Engines & T-tail: This distinctive design element, carried over from the DC-9, results in a quieter cabin for passengers and a clean wing design.
- Narrow-Body: A single-aisle configuration, typical for short to medium-haul flights.
- Variants: The MD-80 series encompassed several models like the MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, MD-87 (a shorter variant), and MD-88 (with an updated cockpit and improved interior).
- Workhorse: It became a workhorse for many airlines globally, known for its reliability and relatively low operating costs on appropriate routes.
MD-90 Series:
The MD-90 series was a further development of the MD-80, primarily distinguished by its new engines and an even longer fuselage in some variants. Key characteristics include:
- V2500 Engines: The most significant change was the adoption of quieter and more fuel-efficient International Aero Engines (IAE) V2500 turbofan engines, which also reduced emissions. This was a move away from the noisier, smokier JT8Ds of the MD-80.
- Glass Cockpit: It featured a more advanced "glass cockpit" with EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrument System) displays.
- Longer Fuselage (MD-90-30): The primary MD-90 variant, the MD-90-30, was longer than most MD-80s, offering increased passenger capacity.
- Limited Production: While technically superior, the MD-90 faced stiff competition and had a relatively limited production run compared to the MD-80 before McDonnell Douglas merged with Boeing.
Both series played a significant role in commercial aviation, particularly for domestic and regional routes, with the MD-80 being a ubiquitous sight for decades.
